Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT), Hypertension, and CVD Event

Lawes CMM, Bennett DA, Feigin VL, and Rodgers A. Blood Pressure and Stroke: An Overview of Published Reviews. Stroke. 2004; 35:776–785. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000116869.647 71.5A

Christopher G and Joseph W. Atherosclerosis: The Road Ahead. Cell. 2001; 104(4):503-516. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00238- 0.

Spieker LE, Noll G, Ruschitzka FT, Maier W, and T Lüscher. Working under pressure: The vascular endothelium in arterial hypertension. Journal of human hypertension. 2002; 14. 617-630. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1001012.

Zanchetti A, Hennig M, Hollweck R, et al. Baseline Values but Not Treatment-Induced Changes in Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Predict Incident Cardiovascular Events in Treated Hypertensive Patients Findings in the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis (ELSA). Circulation. 2009, 120(12):1084-1090. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.7 7311’

Okazaki S, Furukado S, Abe Y et al. Association of Inflammatory Markers and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness with the Risk of Cardiovascular Events in High-Risk Patients. CerebrovascDis.2010;30(2):180-187. https://doi.org/10.1159/000317106.

Yokoyama H, Katakami N, and Yamasaki Y. Recent Advances of Intervention to Inhibit Progression of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Stroke. 2006;37:2420– 2427. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000236632.583 23.cd

Kim KH and Song IG Kwon TG. Impact of different antihypertensives on carotid arterial wall thickness. J Clin Hypertens. 2018;20:248-254. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.13189

Hosomi N, Mizushige K, Oyama H et al. Angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibition with enalapril slows progressive intima-media thickening of the common carotid artery in patients with non-insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus. Stroke. 2001; 32: 1539–1545.

Dandona P, Kumar V, Aljada A et al. Angiotensin II receptor blocker valsartan suppresses reactive oxygen species generation in leukocytes, nuclear factor-κB, in mononuclear cells of normal subjects: evidence of an anti-inflammatory action. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003; 88: 4496–4501.

Lai YM, Fukuda N, Su JZ et al. Novel Mechanisms of the Antiproliferative Effects of Amlodipine in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells from Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Hypertens Res. 2002; 25(1):109- 115. https://doi.org/10 .1291/hypres.25.109.

Goldberger ZD, Valle JA, Dandekar VK, Chan PS, Ko DT, and Nallamothu BK. Are changes in carotid intima-media thickness related to risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction? A critical review and meta- regression analysis. Am. Heart J. 2010;160: 701– 714. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2010.06.029.

Costanzo P, Perrone-Filardi P, Vassallo E et al. Does carotid intima-media thickness regression predict reduction of cardiovascular events? A meta-analysis of 41 randomized trials. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2010;56: 2006–2020. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.05.059.

Den Ruijter HM, Peters SAE, Anderson TJ et al. Common carotid intima-media thickness measurements in cardiovascular risk prediction: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2012;308: 796–803. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.9630.

Lorenz MW, Gao L, Ziegelbauer K, Norata GD et al. Predictive value for cardiovascular events of common carotid intima media thickness and its rate of change in individuals at high cardiovascular risk – Results from the PROG-IMT collaboration. Plos One. 2018; 13(4): e0191172. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0191172.

Wang JG, Staessen JA, Li Y et al. Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Antihypertensive Treatment A Meta- Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Stroke. 2006; 37(7):1933-1940. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000227223.9023 9.13.